Abstract Aim: This study aimed to analyze the difference between tactical, technical, and physical variables in selected and unselected top players of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Methods: A sample data of 1049 soccer players were collected by the multiple-camera computerised tracking system. Subsequently, data were analyzed and divided into two groups: selected (man of the match and top 10 players of the World Cup) and unselected players (other players). Twenty-six performance variables were used to assess tactical (passing), technical (goals, assist, shots, and fouls), and physical variables (height, distance covered, distance with and without the ball, number of sprints, maximal speed, and intensities zone 1 [low] to 5 [high]). Results: The selected players had more tactical (performed and completed more long, middle, and short pass), technical (goal for, assist, shots, shots on goal, fouls committed on them), and physical variables (covered more distance and distance with the ball, more sprints, greater speed and distance in low intensity [zone 1]). However, they were shorter in height and covered less distance in moderate intensity [zones 2 and 3] when compared to unselected players (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the selected players have more tactical, technical, and physical variables than the unselected players. Our findings could be used as a trustworthy tool (performance variables) to characterize the top players of the World Cup.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados os dados de pacientes idosos com HIV notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: Foram registrados 41 casos de HIV, com progressão contínua de aumento de casos, predominância do sexo masculino, autoafirmação de cor parda, baixa escolaridade e orientação sexual relatada heterossexual. Conclusão: Constatou-se que é necessário desmitificar que apenas profissionais do sexo, usuários de drogas e homens homossexuais são vulneráveis ao vírus e que os idosos não são suscetíveis ao HIV. Neste cenário é imprescindível que nessa população seja abordada a temática de forma aberta, livre de preconceitos pelos profissionais de saúde, partindo essencialmente do reconhecimento que de que o idoso realiza atividade sexual e que está vulnerável ao vírus do HIV.

Abstract Objective: To describe the sociodemographic profile of elderly persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Method: An ecological study with a descriptive and quantitative approach was carried out. Data was used from elderly patients with HIV reported in the Notification Disease Information System (or SINAN), from 2012 to 2016. Results: A total of 41 cases of HIV, with a continuous progression of cases, predominantly male, with self-described brown skin, low education and reported heterosexual sexual orientation. Conclusion: It was found that it is necessary to demystify that only sex workers, drug users and homosexual men are vulnerable to the virus and that the elderly are not susceptible to HIV. In this scenario it is essential that the elderly are inserted in environments that approach the theme openly, free of prejudice, essentially starting from the recognition of sexuality, providing greater security and quality of life.

Resumo É necessário esclarecer se a maturação biológica e o desempenho no atletismo podem modular a PSE da sessão. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se a maturidade biológica e o desempenho específico no atletismo podem estar associados à carga de treinamento (método de PSE da sessão). Setenta e cinco jovens atletas (13-15 anos) de ambos os sexos participaram do presente estudo. O protocolo experimental durou sete dias consecutivos. Testes de desempenho (75 m de corrida, salto em distância, 250 m de corrida, arremesso de peso e 1000 m de corrida) foram feitos no primeiro dia. Após 48 horas, cinco dias de treinamento de atletismo foram prescritos, cada dia representa um treinamento de cada teste de desempenho. Todas as sessões de treinamento tiveram a mesma duração (120 min). O valor da carga de treinamento foi obtido multiplicando o valor do PSE com a duração da sessão de treinamento (em minutos). Para as meninas, a carga de treinamento de 250 m foi correlacionada com a maturidade biológica (r = -0,36, p = 0,02, n = 37) e desempenho específico (r = 0,33, p = 0,04, n = 37). Todas as outras análises indicam que a maturidade biológica e o desempenho específico no atletismo não influenciam a carga de treinamento com base no método da PSE da sessão. A carga de treinamento com base na PSE da sessão não é influenciada pela maturidade biológica e desempenho específico no atletismo, portanto, pode ser usada para controlar a carga de treinamento de jovens atletas de atletismo. Para as meninas é necessário cuidado para controlar a intensidade das sessões de treino de 250m de corrida.

Abstract It is necessary to clarify if BM and track and field performance can modulate the perception about RPE-session. The purpose of the present study was to verify if biological maturity and track and field-specific performance can be associated with training load (RPE-session method). Seventy-five young athletes (13-15 years old) of both genders participated in the present study. The experimental protocol lasted seven consecutive days. Performance tests (75-m running, long jump, 250-m running, shot put and 1000-m running) were made on the first day. After 48 hours, five days of track and field training it was prescribed, each day represents a training of each performance test. All training sessions had the same duration (120 min). The value of the training load was obtained multiplying the RPE value with training session duration (in minutes). For girls, the training load of 250-m training was correlated with biological maturity (r = -0.36, p = 0.02, n = 37) and specific performance (r = 0.33, p = 0.04, n = 37). All other analyzes indicate that biological maturity and track and field-specific performance do not influence the training load based on RPE-session method. Training load based on RPE-session is not influenced by biological maturity and track and field-specific performance, therefore can be used to control the training load of young track and field athletes. To girls it is necessary a care to control the training sessions intensity of 250-m running.

Abstract AIMS To compare the internal and external load and the recovery by playing position and the match outcome (wins, losses or draws) in professional soccer. METHODS 23 male professional soccer athletes from a team of the first division of the Brazilian Championship took part into the study (age 26.1 ± 3.8 years old, weight 77.5 ± 5.0 kg, height 177.6 ± 5.1 cm). During the games, athletes were monitored by GPS and the variables of external loads were taken. Additionally, the session rating of perceived exertion (session RPE) and the perceived recovery scale (PRS) were collected 30 minutes and 40h after the end of the matches, respectively. RESULTS The external load was greater on full-backs and defense midfielders (p<0.05). The full-backs cover higher total distances compared to attackers, and, compared to all the others positions, they have more stimuli > 20 km/h, covering higher distances >20 km/h; these stimuli makes them to perceive less recovered than defenders, defense and attack midfielders (p<0.05). Moreover, the defenders are those who cover lower distances by the minute and the defense midfielders are those who present the lower Peak Velocity (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between GPS variables, internal load and recovery. In addition, it was found a correlation between the external and the internal load (r=0.66; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The GPS variables and the perceived recovery are influenced by the playing position, but not by the match outcome.

RESUMO Introdução: A frequência cardíaca fornece informações úteis para os treinamentos de marcha atlética. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC) e seus pontos de inflexão (PIFC) e deflexão (PDFC) em teste progressivo de marcha atlética (TPMA) antes e depois de 20 sessões de treinamento. Métodos: Participaram 13 jovens atletas (12,46 ± 1,61 anos, 44,29 ± 10,25 kg, 157,93 ± 12,03 cm, 24,39 ± 7,60 %G). O TPMA foi realizado em uma pista oficial de atletismo, antes e depois do treinamento. Os dados de FC e carga foram plotados a cada minuto para identificação dos PIFC e PDFC. Resultados: A FC apresentou comportamento sigmoide, com identificação dos pontos de transição (PT), sendo no pré-treinamento: a) oito sujeitos PIFC (5,31 km·h-1; 125 bpm) e PDFC (7,63 km·h-1; 169 bpm); b) um sujeito somente PIFC (7,00 km·h-1; 149 bpm); c) um sujeito somente PDFC (8,00 km·h-1; 170 bpm); d) três sujeitos sem detecção de PT e no pós-treinamento: a) em 12 sujeitos PIFC (5,46 km·h-1; 125 bpm) e PDFC (7,75 km·h-1; 168 bpm); b) um sujeito somente PDFC (7,50 km·h-1; 184 bpm). O PIFC foi encontrado em carga significativamente inferior ao PDFC no pré (p < 0,001) e no pós-treinamento (p < 0,001). Quando comparamos o PIFC e o PDFC pré e pós, não encontramos diferença significativa, seja em relação à carga (p = 0,87 e p = 0,61) ou FC (p = 0,60 e p = 0,99). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a FC tem relação curvilínea com a carga, sendo possível detectar os seus pontos de transição em TPMA.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Heart rate provides useful information for race walking training. Objective: The objective of study was to analyze the behavior of heart rate (HR) and inflection points (HRIP) and deflection points (HRDP) in a progressive test of race walking (PTRW) before and after 20 training sessions. Methods: Participants were 13 young athletes (12.46 ± 1.61 years, 44.29 ± 10.25 kg, 157.93 ± 12.03 cm, 24.39 ± 7.60 F%). The PTRW was held at an official athletics track before and after training. The HR data and load were plotted every minute to identify the HRIP and HRDP. Results: The HR showed sigmoid behavior with the identification of transition points (TP), being in the pre-training: a) eight subjects HRIP (5.31 km·h-1; 125 bpm)and HRDP (7.63 km·h-1; 169 bpm); b) one subject only HRIP (7.00 km·h-1; 149 bpm); c) one subject only HRDP (8,00 km·h-1; 170 bpm); d) three subjects had no TP observed, and post-training: a) 12 subjects HRIP (5.46 km·h-1; 125 bpm) and HRDP (7.75 km·h-1; 168 bpm); b) one subject HRDP (7.50 km·h-1; 184 bpm). The HRIP was found to be significantly lower than the HRDP in pre-training (p<0.001) and post-training (p<0.001). When we compared HRIP and HRDP in the pre- and post-training we found no significant difference either in relation to the load (p=0.87 and p=0.61) or HR (p=0.60 and p=0.99). Conclusion: It is concluded that the HR has curvilinear relation with the load, and that it is possible to detect its transition points during PTRW.

RESUMEN Introducción: La frecuencia cardiaca proporciona información útil para los entrenamientos de marcha atlética. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y sus puntos de inflexión (PIFC) y de deflexión (PDFC) en prueba progresiva de marcha atlética (PPMA) antes y después de 20 sesiones de entrenamiento. Métodos: Participaron 13 atletas jóvenes (12,46 ± 1,61 años, 44,29 ± 10,25 kg, 157,93 ± 12,03 cm, 24,39 ± 7,60 %G). El PPMA fue realizado en una pista oficial de atletismo antes y después del entrenamiento. Los datos de FC y carga fueron trazados cada minuto para identificación de PIFC y PDFC. Resultados: La FC presentó comportamiento sigmoideo, con identificación de los puntos de transición (PT), siendo en el pre-entrenamiento: a) ocho sujetos PIFC (5,31 km·h-1, 125 lpm) y PDFC (7,63 km·h-1; 169 lpm); b) un sujeto solamente PIFC (7,00 km·h-1; 149 lpm); c) un sujeto solamente PDFC (8,00 km·h-1, 170 lpm); d) tres sujetos sin detección de PT y post-entrenamiento: a) 12 sujetos PIFC (5,46 km·h-1, 125 lpm) y PDFC (7,75 Km·h-1; 168 lpm); b) un sujeto solamente PDFC (7,50 km·h-1, 184 lpm). El PIFC fue encontrado en carga significativamente inferior que el PDFC en el pre (p < 0,001) y en el post-entrenamiento (p < 0,001). Al comparar el PIFC y el PDFC pre y post-entrenamiento, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa, sea en relación a la carga (p = 0,87 y p = 0,61) o FC (p = 0,60; p = 0,99). Conclusión: Se concluye que la FC tiene relación curvilínea con la carga, siendo posible detectar sus puntos de transición en PPMA.

Abstract AIMS The purpose of present study was verify if the RPE-training session differs between females and males during the track and field training and if biological maturity (BM) has interference on this response. METHODS Seventy-five athletes (13-15 years old) have participated of study, with 38 male 37 female. Five training sessions of track and field were prescribe and monitoring by RPE-training session (intensity) and Total Quality Recovery (TQR) (recovery). RESULTS There was no statistical difference between males and females on 75-meters run, long jump and shot put. Otherwise, for training of 250 and 1000-meters females related higher RPE-values than males 3.68 ± 0.79, 3.26 ± 0.56, p < 0.01 and 4.14 ± 0.94, 3.72 ± 0.89, p < 0.05; respectively. Even when controlling the effect of biological maturity the same results were observed to 250-meters F1,73 = 2.060; p = 0.002 and 1000-meters F1,73 = 0.997; p = 0.036. There was no difference for TQR between genders. CONCLUSION The comparison the RPE-training session of females and males indicated there were difference to 250 and 1000-m training sessions, females have more RPE-training sessions than males. Additionally, there were no differences between genders for recovery parameters, even controlling BM.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os diferenciais intraurbanos associados ao resultado da triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN) de crianças residentes em Belo Horizonte e avaliadas em um Serviço de Referência de TAN, tendo como referência o Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS). Método Estudo observacional com amostra de crianças residentes em Belo Horizonte e avaliadas por um Serviço de Referência de TAN, entre 2010 e 2011. O IVS do setor censitário de cada criança foi obtido por georreferenciamento de seu respectivo endereço. Foi elaborado modelo estatístico para as variáveis respostas: “resultado da TAN”, “resultado no reteste”, “absenteísmo no reteste” e realizada análise multivariada, utilizando-se a técnica de árvore de decisão. Foi elaborado mapa temático de pontos para representar a distribuição espacial das crianças avaliadas pelo Programa, segundo seu resultado na TAN. Resultados A probabilidade de falhar na TAN para as crianças residentes em áreas de IVS muito elevado é 1,5 vez maior do que para as crianças residentes nas demais áreas. Para as crianças que residem em áreas de IVS baixo, médio e elevado e que fizeram a TAN após os 30 dias de vida, a probabilidade de falhar é 2,1 vezes maior nas crianças que apresentam indicador de risco para deficiência auditiva (17,2%), em relação às sem indicador de risco (8,1%). Observou-se também distribuição heterogênea de realização da TAN e de resultado da avaliação entre as regiões do município. Conclusão Foram evidenciados importantes diferenciais intraurbanos no Município de Belo Horizonte, indicando associação entre a vulnerabilidade à saúde e o resultado da TAN.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the intra-urban differentials related to the outcome of the Newborn Hearing Screening (NHS) of children living in Belo Horizonte tested in a reference service using the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI). Methods cross-sectional study with children living in Belo Horizonte evaluated by a Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Service (NHSRS) between 2010 and 2011. The HVI of the census tract of each child was obtained by the georeferencing of their respective addresses. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the decision tree technique, considering a statistical model for each response. A thematic map of points representing the geographic distribution of the children evaluated by the NHS program was also developed. Results The NHS failure rate for children living in areas with very high HVI, or without HVI data, was 1.5 times higher than that for children living in other census tracts. For children living in areas of low, medium, and high HVI, who underwent NHS after 30 days of life, the NHS failure rate was 2.1 times higher in children that presented Risk Indicator for Hearing Loss (RIHL) (17.2%) than in those who did not (8.1%). Uneven distribution was observed between areas for children that underwent the NHS and those who failed it. Conclusion Significant intra-urban differentials were found in Belo Horizonte, indicating correlation between health vulnerability and NHS outcomes.